TY - JOUR
T1 - IMPROVED TECHNIQUES TO RESOLVE THE WATER COLUMN SOUND SPEED STRUCTURE FOR MULTIBEAM RAY TRACING
AU - Nistad, J.-G.
AU - Westfeld, P.
JO - The International Hydrographic Review
VL - 27
SP - 35
EP - 54
PY - 2022
DA - 2022/05/31
DO - https://doi.org/10.58440/ihr-27-a03
UR - https://ihr.iho.int/articles/improved-techniques-to-resolve-the-water-column-sound-speed-structure-for-multibeam-ray-tracing/
KW - hydrodynamic modeling
KW - interpolation
KW - multibeam bathymetry
KW - ray-tracing
KW - Sound speed
AB - Multibeam bathymetry surveys conducted in highly stratified environments are routinely affected by sound speed errors. The approach proposed here aims to combine measured with synthetic sound speed profiles in order to minimize sound speed errors. The adequacy of synthetic profiles derived from a regional hydrodynamic model and spatiotemporal interpolation is therefore investigated. Ray-tracing comparisons at the 65° launch angle between measured and synthetic profiles demonstrates that the expected depth bias for modeled profiles will be in excess of 1% of water depth. Spatiotemporally interpolating hourly sampled profiles decreases the depth bias up to a factor of three for higher beam angles. Residual sounding depth biases are observed and ascribed to a residual surface sound speed error.